Human urine is one of the most used biofluids for proteomics study, because of noninvasiveness and simplicity of specimen collection. The obtained results give the possibility to study biomarkers for kidney diseases as well as other disorders that may have systemic alterations in the metabolic and biochemical profiles that can affect urinary protein excretion. The study presents the stages by which the urine passes to obtain human urinary proteome: collection, concentration with chemical or physical methods, bidimensional or capillary electrophoresis or liquid chromatography and finally detection and identification of proteins by mass spectrometry. Future directions are focused not only on renal physiology, path physiology and biomarkers discovery, but also on development of new target therapies.