RRML - A comprehensive review of glycocalyx investigation and therapeutic applications in sepsis and septic shock

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ISSN online: 2284-5623

ISSN-L: 1841-6624

Rejection rate (2020): 75%

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Nr. 32(4)/2024 DOI:10.2478/rrlm-2024-0031

Review

A comprehensive review of glycocalyx investigation and therapeutic applications in sepsis and septic shock

Anastasia Muntean, Ala Ambros, Sergiu Cojocari, Ștefan Maximciuc, Serghei Cumpătă

Correspondence should be addressed to: Anastasia Muntean

Abstract:

Background: Sepsis is a global health challenge that causes more than 11 million deaths annually and represents a substantial medical and economic burden. With rising treatment costs and significant mortality rates associated with organ dysfunction and septic shock, research efforts have focused on investigating the mechanism of glycocalyx (GCX) degradation as well as its regenerative capacity. Therefore, GCX has become a target in therapeutic strategies. Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of articles published in PubMed database between 2014 and 2024, in the English language, dealing with statistical data, morphological and physiological aspects of the GCX, pathophysiological mechanisms, in vivo and in vitro research methods, clinical and laboratory experiences, therapeutic strategies, and innovative methods of prevention, both in the context of sepsis and its associated complications. Results: The database search identified 300 records on the topic. After title/abstract screening, 187 articles were assessed in full text for eligibility, including articles with additional topics addressing the main topic. Of these, a total of 70 studies were included. Conclusions: Exploring the structure of GCX holds real potential in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis and its complications. Current research focuses on understanding GCX degradation, correlating its components with sepsis severity, predicting disease progression, and evaluating the impact of therapeutic strategies on GCX components.

Keywords: endothelial cell, glycocalyx, inflammation, sepsis, septic shock

Received: 13.9.2024
Accepted: 9.10.2024
Published: 23.10.2024

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Muntean A, Ambros A, Cojocari S, Maximciuc Ș, Cumpătă S. A comprehensive review of glycocalyx investigation and therapeutic applications in sepsis and septic shock. Rev Romana Med Lab. 2024;32(4):327-36. DOI:10.2478/rrlm-2024-0031