|
Oxidative stress and antioxidant systems evaluation in cardiovascular disease
Elena Bobescu
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Clinic expression of atherosclerosis is coronary heart disease – stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. All these involve a great need for research in celular myocardial metabolism and molecular mechanisms. The role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease was evaluated by both experimental and clinical studies. In this context the most accepted in atherosclerosis is hypothesis of endothelial disfunction because of multiple agression factors. Endothelial disfunction could be produced by mechanic, viral or bacterial factors, toxic exposure, high level of metabolites, turbulent blood flow, all this aggresion are followed by atherosclerosis. These atherosclerotic lesions could be agravated by metabolic stress – hyperglicemia and hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress. Mediators produced in response to major cardiovascular risk factors including advances glycates end-products, LDL and ox-LDL, angiotensin II and cytokines such as TNF-α stimulate generation of reactive oxigen species at endotelial level by a variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic sources. Oxidative stress biomarkers are biomarkers of antioxidants depletion and specific markers: lipid peroxidation products, protein and ADN oxidative degradation products. Lipid peroxidation is a complex process, started from the begining of atherosclerosis. Peroxide assay could be loss of substrate and total or partial peroxide measurements. Impossibility to obtain an ideal assay to determinate lipid peroxidation was followed by complex evaluation of oxidative stress and development of total antioxidant activity assays.
|