RRML - Cardiotoxicity - the first cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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Nr. 28(2)/2020 DOI:10.2478/rrlm-2020-0007

Review

Cardiotoxicity - the first cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Letitia Elena Radu, Roxana Corina Sfetea, Constantin Virgiliu Arion, Anca Colita

Correspondence should be addressed to: Letitia Elena Radu

Abstract:

cardiac impairment during the treatment of pediatric patients is extremely important, both for modulating future chemotherapy and for administering cardioprotective agents. Long term monitoring after chemotherapy helps to identify the risk of late cardiotoxicity among cancer survivors. There are several biomarkers, already in use or still under study, which may represent an operator-independent alternative for echocardiography in the diagnosis of cardiotoxicity. In case of cardiac damage, the clinician has options for treating or limiting the progression, either with the use of already approved agents, such as Dexrazoxane, or by administrating other cardioprotective drugs. International experts are still attempting to establish the best algorithm for early detection of cardiotoxicity, as well as the most efficient treatment plan in case of already existing myocardial damage in these patients. We present a review on treatment-related cardiotoxicity, including mechanisms of development, useful biomarkers and treatment options, after carefully analyzing specialty literature.

Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, cardiotoxicity, biomarkers, cardioprotective agents

Received: 11.10.2019
Accepted: 31.12.2019
Published: 5.2.2020

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Radu LE, Sfetea RC, Arion CV, Colita A. Cardiotoxicity - the first cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Rev Romana Med Lab. 2020;28(2):133-44. DOI:10.2478/rrlm-2020-0007